Great Reset - Innovations in Urban Planning, Crisis as Catalyst?

Elena Schirnding de Almeida, since 2020

Ongoing climate change and rapid urbanization worldwide have shifted the question about urban change processes to the center of political attention.  The adoption of the 2030 Agenda by the United Nations means that cities all over the world have committed themselves to the paradigm of Sustainable Development. Taking for granted this unifying principle, the research project asks the questions: How can cities get the job done on a local level? How do local, historic, political, and administrative circumstances determine the urgently needed urban change processes? How does innovation intersect with urban design practices? In 2020 one could observe rapid and unexpected changes in urban spaces, such as “Pop-Up Bike Lanes” and “Shani gardens” (sidewalk seating for restaurants) - projects that were discussed for years, but never realized. This is followed by the question of whether we can learn something from the current Covid-19 crisis that could serve as a profound strategy to design cities in the 21^st century.

Elena Schirnding de Almeida is an Architect and Urban Planner, currently leading the Public Planning Lab at the Professorship of Urban Design at TUM. She started her research project in 2020 under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Benedikt Boucsein.

Reframing Mobility – Transition Design for the new everyday

Marco Kellhammer, seit 2020

“IN BETWEEN. Exploring hybrid planning for redeveloping informal settlements in the mumbai metropolis.”

Ayesha Müller-Wolfertshofer, since 2020

Informal settlements, slums, favelas, gecekondus, barrios or townships, part of cities across the globe, are an immediate response to the lack of affordable housing in them. Urbanization in the search for economic, social or political improvement has led to a densely populated urban fabric where the common man struggles to find a home in real-estate markets driven by neo-liberal policies. Citizens are forced to build tenements on vacant plots of land without authorisation, often lacking electricity and basic sanitation. These settlements become a base for the underprivileged and alienated, sheltering people In-Between regulations, jobs and housing, as they attempt to improve their status.

Mumbai is presented as a case study for understanding the context of informal settlements, where participatory planning methods will be studied to integrate top-down and bottom-up initiatives into the redevelopment process. Current ‘slum-redevelopment’ projects primarily take into consideration residential requirements of informal communities, without providing adequate spaces for economic or public services. This dissertation project explores mixed-use hybrid buildings as a means of combining Mumbai’s housing needs with the individual and community requirements of inhabitants.

Ayesha Müller-Wolfertshofer completed her Bachelor in Architecture at Vidyavardhan’s IDEA, Institute of Design Environment and Architecture, in India between 2010 and 2015. At the Munich University of Applied Sciences she completed her M.A. in Architecture with a specialization in Urban Planning from 2015 to 2017. Ayesha has worked in various architectural and urban planning firms since she began her studies and is an architect under the Bayerische Architektenkammer since June 2020. In July 2020 she officially began her thesis at the Technical University Munich under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Benedikt Boucsein and in collaboration with her Mentor, Hussain Indorewala, from the Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute of Architecture and Environmental Studies in Mumbai.

This research is funded by a scholarship from the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung; a foundation in service of democracy, peace and development in Germany as well as abroad. 

New Pathways: A Study of European Railway Stations from the Perspective of Sustainable Development.

Alice Lunardon, since 2020.

Alice Lunardon’s dissertation project "New Pathways: A Study of European Railway Stations from the Perspective of Sustainable Development" investigates causes and effects of the current development of stations and their relationship with cities’ sustainable development. The connection between the railway and the city is the railway station. In this key position, the station has two roles: it is a node but also a place. As a node, it is a point of access to trains and, increasingly, to other transportation networks. As a place, it is a specific section of the city with a concentration of infrastructure and a diversified collection of buildings and open spaces (Bertolini, 1998). Moreover, in the last decade new different forms of urban mobility have emerged (sharing mobility, micro-mobility, etc.), but even if they are accessible, low-cost, and green, they are not yet fully integrated into stations’ mobility offer. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge about sustainable cities by focusing on the role of railway stations as infrastructures with the potential of contributing to their development. The research aims to look at different aspects of the topic, such as the urbanistic and architectural aspect, the policy and city governance aspect and the relationships between its stakeholders, the economic aspect focusing on the analysis of the station’s business model and its link with the sustainable or un-sustainable development of the city, and the engineering aspect treating the station as a unique infrastructure in the city with a huge potential in the integration of circular economy.

Alice Lunardon studied Architecture in Rome, Italy, at Università La Sapienza, Facoltà di Architettura “Valle Giulia” (2004-2011), and she graduated with honours with a thesis about hospitals treating the topic with a holistic approach, as she aims to do with the PhD thesis. During her studies, she spent one year in Valencia, Spain, at the UPV University and in Paris, France, at the ENSAV University. Also, she spent 3 months in Paraguay for her Master’s thesis. Successively, she started working in France and she took two Executive Masters in 2018 and 2019, one in Environmental Governance and Policy Making at the IHEID of Geneva, Switzerland, and the other in Sustainable Business at the University of Cambridge, UK. During that period, Alice started developing the research about railway stations as she was also working in the French railways (SNCF), and she had the opportunity to present that research to the European Parliament, and to several international conferences.

Democratization of urban public space – A case study of Turkey‘s „Nation Gardens“

Deniz Köse, since 2021

The doctoral research of Deniz Köse (she/her) investigates democratisation of urban public space through the lens of feminist environmental posthumanities. The research will examine and analyse different approaches in urban public space design as well as explore feminist design strategies within the patriarchal structures of the architectural profession.

This thesis will focus on parks as inherently democratic public green spaces and use Turkey’s rapidly built and spatially immense “Nation Garden” projects as a case study.

Deniz Köse graduated with a Dipl. Ing. from the Technical University of Darmstadt in 2014 and later worked at the Institute of Building Biology  Turkey. In 2017, she moved to Munich for work and became a freelancer in architecture. In May 2021, she started her PhD thesis at the Technical University of Munich under the tutelage of Prof. Benedikt Boucsein.

„Empowerment als Strategie des transdisziplinären Städtebaus in Münchner Quartieren"

Mareike Schmidt, seit 2022

Die Dissertation von Mareike Schmidt bettet sich in das Reallabor AQT „Autoreduzierte Quartiere für eine lebenswerte Stadt“ im Rahmen des MCube Clusters (Münchner Cluster für die Zukunft der Mobilität in Metropolregionen). Hierin untersucht Mareike aus der Perspektive der Architekt:innen und Stadtplaner:innen, ob die Verkehrswende nicht nur über viel besprochene positive sondern genauso negative Folgen für das Quartier verstärken könnte. Bei vielen Restrukturierungs- und Aufwertungsprojekten anderer Städte konnten verschiedene Phänomene der Gentrifizierung beobachtet werden. Im Kontext der Transformation von öffentlichem Raum im Zuge der Verkehrswende wurde diese Problematik noch nicht näher untersucht. Das Dissertationsprojekt „Empowerment als Strategie des transdisziplinären Städtebaus in Münchener Quartieren“ untersucht in diesem Rahmen einerseits, welche Relevanz die möglichen negativen, soziogeografischen Auswirkungen der Transformation des öffentlichen Raumes auf das Quartier und seine Identität für die Praxis der Architekt:innen hat, und untersucht im nächsten Schritt, inwiefern Formate wie Reallabore als Element des bürgerlichen Empowerments als Methode des Städtebaus dienen können, um frühzeitig zu sensibilisieren und ihnen schlussendlich auch aktiv entgegenzuwirken.

Mareike Schmidt studierte Architektur und Städtebau an der Universität Stuttgart und absolvierte 2016 ihren Master of Science. Bevor sie an der Professur für Urban Design ihre Forschungstätigkeit begann, war sie zunächst bei UTA Architekten und Stadtplaner in Stuttgart und bei bogevischs buero in München tätig. Mareike ist eingetragene Architektin in der Bayerischen Architektenkammer. Parallel zur praktischen Planungstätigkeit begleitete sie seit 2019 die Lehre an der Professur für Urban Design. Seit 2021 ist Mareike wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin und arbeitet an ihrer Dissertation im Rahmen des Reallabors AQT.

Evolutionary geometry in urban landscapes - adaptation, synergies and optimization

Adrian Heinisch, since 2023

Advancing urbanisation is inevitably linked to the health of its inhabitants. In this partly high-density development, infrastructure as a core element of supply also stands as one of the biggest problem areas - it is the source of various significant environmental pollutants.
Infrastructural space is an unattractive, purely functional area for architects and urban planners - an area of short-livedness, but nevertheless irreplaceable. It is the task of today's architects and urban planners to make the urban world more liveable here, to develop decisive interventions and thus to protect health.

A. Heinisch's dissertation includes the development of component activations at various scales and concepts for the built environment near Munich airport. The geometries are partly based on examples from nature, which are adapted three-dimensionally. Strategies include the implementation of vibro-acoustic metamaterials, which are structurally active geometries that can eliminate noise emissions. All concepts are improved using various forms of optimization that reflect evolutionary competition.

A. Heinisch studied architecture at the Technical University of Munich as well as at the Politecnico di Milano. During his bachelor studies he worked as an assistant scientist at the chair of architectural informatics. Afterwards he graduated as Diplom-Ingenieur at the University of Innsbruck, where he specialized for several semesters in acoustics in architecture as well as noise in urban spaces. Within the framework of his project 4Life Buildings he received an award from the Tallinn Biennial. Here he investigated the formation of space by ice and vegetation and developed a structural concept that changes and adapts depending on seasons and climate. In his thesis, he analyzed the implementation of vegetation in combination with resonant geometries to return multi-sensory relevance to the built context. During and after successfully completing his studies, A. Heinisch worked in an architectural office and also engaged in start-up programs where he further developed the approach of his thesis. Since 2023, he has been working on his doctorate at the TU Munich.

Klimapositive Stadtquartiere - Analyse und Optimierung von Planungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren unter Berücksichtigung von klimarelevanten, energetischen sowie partizipativen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen.

Vanessa Dörges, seit 2023

Die Klimaanpassung und der Klimaschutz sind die zentralen Zukunftsaufgaben von Kommunen. Aber wie schaffen es Kommunen sich auf Extremwetterlagen frühzeitig vorzubereiten? Welchen Beitrag kann das Bauwesen zum Klimaschutz leisten? Welche Möglichkeiten bietet das Baugesetzbuch zum klimagerechten und klimaangepassten Bauen bzw. Umbauen? In der Dissertation untersucht Vanessa wie Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen im BauGB stärker verankert werden können. Das Ziel ist es Lösungsansätze herauszuarbeiten und konkrete Vorschläge für die Novellierung des BauGB zu formulieren. Die Schwerpunkte der Forschung liegen dabei in der Bauleitplanung und im Besonderen Städtebaurecht. Die Dissertation ist im Forschungsprojekt rain2energy integriert, das von einem interdisziplinären Forschungsteam der CAE, HSWT, TUM, HCU und TU Dresden sowie Expert:innen aus der Wirtschaft bearbeitet wird.
Vanessa hat ihr Masterstudium in Stadt- und Regionalplanung mit dem Schwerpunkt Städtebau an der Universität Kassel im Jahr 2012 abgeschlossen. Im Anschluss arbeitete sie 9 Jahre in verschiedenen Planungs- und Architekturbüros in Bayern und sammelte von 2019 bis 2021 erste Lehrerfahrungen als Korrekturassistenz an der Professur für Urban Design. Im Jahr 2021 gründete sie ihr eigenes Städtebaubüro in München und unterrichtet Stadt- und Freiraumplanung an der Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf. Seit 2023 promoviert sie an der TUM in Kooperation mit der HSWT.
Betreuer:innen: Prof. Dr. Benedikt Boucsein (TUM) und Prof. Dr. Cristina Lenz (HSWT)
Mentorin: Prof. Dr. Simone Linke (HSWT)

Spatial Transformation in the historic district of Centro Habana, Cuba. Understanding Resident Approaches through Architectural Analysis.

Barbara Schudok, since 2023

Buildings in the historical district of Centro Habana were significantly transformed by their residents over the past decades. The main reason for the modification was to generate more living space, especially for growing families needing more space and privacy. Extending and modifying existing living spaces informally became the practical solution because restrictive relocation laws made incremental transformations easier than moving to a bigger apartment due to strict property ownership rules and the challenges of finding a swapping partner through the for a long time only available legal method, „permuta, “ which was complicated and time-consuming. The colonial structures from the late 19th century, with their generous high ceilings, offered great potential to construct extra levels and to double the space while rooftops and courtyards were occupied and extended. Due to Cuba’s complex history and the challenging economic situation, particularly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was challenging to find enough and varied construction materials for private construction projects during the so-called „special period. “ Nevertheless, residents adapted their houses incrementally and often improvised with accessible materials to make the most of the available space to create privacy and comfort. These self-made modifications significantly changed the original structure of the colonial houses, so they were gradually taken over by the informal transformation of their residents. The reorganization of the interior is reflected all over Centro Habana in the exterior through additional balconies, split doors, and adjusted windows, to name just a few. While these interventions might have improved living conditions, they have influenced the building due to increased weight loads, the creative but sometimes inappropriate use of materials, and reduced ventilation from additional walls and levels. Furthermore, the buildings are reaching the end of their natural life cycle, and the humid climate, salty air, and storms exacerbate their deterioration, which can often even lead to collapse.
This research conceptualizes the ongoing transformation process by examining how it has affected the spatial configuration of buildings in Centro Habana and the role of informality when it operates in consolidated areas, a current knowledge gap in this area. A typical street in the district will be analyzed to understand residents' approaches, influences, and responses to these challenges. Current building layouts are compared with archived planning materials to illustrate how these changes have affected the arrangement of built spaces through architectural tools such as plans, sections, elevations, sketches, and scans. This comparison aims to better understand and document the ongoing changes within the 3.5 square kilometer area of Centro Habana, which is home to approximately 41,000 people. The study focuses on a historic city in a socialist state and aims to contribute to the understanding of the widespread phenomenon of transformation in cities of the South through the case of Centro Habana.
Barbara studied architecture and urban planning at the University of Stuttgart, Universidad de Sevilla, and Technical University of Munich from 2010 to 2017. With a focus on international projects and informal developments, she participated in workshops worldwide, including Cuba, Malawi, Tanzania, Egypt, and Italy. She gained professional experience while working for Foster + Partners, London, HENN, Munich, and as a freelancer for Kéré Architecture, Berlin. In summer semester 2018 she joined the Chair of Architectural Design and Participation of Prof. Kéré as a Research Associate and began working for TUM.Africa in August 2018, focusing on cooperation with KNUST in Kumasi, Ghana, and teaching. Barbara has maintained a long-term research interest in Centro Habana, Cuba, starting with her Master's thesis. Since 2019, she has been part of the teaching team of the Caribbean Winterschool, an international workshop in Havana, and since 2022, she has been a visiting lecturer at the architecture faculties of Polytechnic José Antonio Echeverría [CUJAE] in Havana, the Universidad de Camagüey and the Münster School of Architecture. Since 2023, she has been working on her doctoral thesis at the Technical University of Munich, supervised by Prof. Dr. Benedikt Boucsein and mentored by Prof. Dr. Jorge Peña Díaz, CUJAE.